To understand background on algorithms, you may read translated Japanese doc from the first post
viewtopic.php?t=386
Direct link
http://nemesis.hacking-cult.org/MegaDri ... slated.PDF
First, you must understand what is operator, than you should understand algorithms.
Briefly, operator is sine generator with input phase adder. Output of another operator can be scaled by some value and then added to input phase of first operator.
For example, real values for YM2612:
2*pi = 1024.
2*pi is 360 degrees, full phase cycle.
Operator's output lies in limit -8168..+8168, that is almost -16*pi..+16*pi
But scale factor is 1/2, so one operator can modulate other one only by values from -4084 to +4084, or -8*pi to +8*pi. But there is algorithm where one operator is modulated by output of TWO other operators, and yes, their output is added first, and only then it's scaled by 1/2 and added to input phase of modulated operator.
To get practical experience of algorithms you need something else. In articles on FM synthesis I saw short descriptions of practical uses of various effects: detune and so on. But I don't remember if there was any info on using algos.