OK, I though that you was free to remap samples everywhere in ROM by patching addresses.
Yes, if you must keep the same ROM size, you will have to compress them enough to be able to replay with higher frequency.
Actually SF2 samples in the MD version are 4.77 Khz, i could up them to 9.4 Khz by using 4 bits ADPCM (same size as 8 bits 4.77 Khz) but i'm not sure ADPCM will sound that better... I don't said to use ADPCM, but original arcade samples are ADPCM encoded. (up them to 9.4 KHz will not improve ...
SDL was thought for PC and by the way, was not optimised for vintage videogames systems. (use lot of RAM and not run fast) 10 years ago, two LIBs are used for programming games : SDL, and Allegro. Allegro comes from Atari ST computer and was ported to PC. I remember that Allegro was 2 times faster ...
See for yourself - here's an arc of the "double pixel" version of the Yeti3D demo (with music and sound). It's not any faster on the emulator that I can tell, but it may be faster on real hardware. Unfortunately, I can't test it on a real 32X and the emulator always display 60fps. So it's not ...
Many systems got undocumented display resolutions.
There are no wide pixels display mode (160x224) for helping you ?
Else, by using 8bit screen mode and writing 16bit "double pixel" ?